Balance diet and public health issues| benefits of diet

WHAT IS BALANCE DIET?

Balance diet is normally contain variety of foods in such quantity and proportions that the need for energy, protein,vitamins minerals, fat,carbohydrates & other nutrition is adequately met for maintain health,vitality & general well being.

Components of balance diet:

-protein

-fat

-carbohydrate

-minerals

-vitamins

-fibre & water

Why Balance Diet is important?

As we discussed above that balance diet provide us almost all the important components which required for proper growth of body & deficiency of any one component lead to disease. 

Nutritional Problems in Public Health:

There are many nutritional related problems hich affect wide segment of population but the major one is;

a) Low Birth Weight(LBW);

Its a situation on which a baby born with less than 2.5g weight. about 28 percent of babies born in india as compared to to 4 percent in some developing countaries.

countaries where the LBW is high, the majority are suffering from foetal growth retardation.

b)Protein Energy Malnutrition(PEM);

PEM is major health problem in india.it occur in children in first year of life.Its not only as important cause of childhood morbidity & mortality,but may leads to permanent impairment of physical and possibly of mental growth. 

Protein deficiency is the major cause of PEM in pre school age child. PEM is two type:

-Kwashiorkar 

-Marasmus

a)KWASHIORKER:

Occur in 2-5 year of age group childrens & cause is only protein deficiency.

feature's:- 

-muscle wasting is hide By edema

-edema seen usually in lower leg, face and forearm.

-mentally irritate

-hair become red in color

b)MARASMUS:

Found in child which is less than 2 year of age & cause is protein plus energy deficiency.

feature's:-

-muscle wasting is very obvious

-severe loss of subcutaneous fat

-appetite is usually good 

-edema is absent 

PREVENTIVE MEASURES:

There is no simple solution. Many types of actions are necessary.
some are adopted from the FAO/WHO to prevent PEM in community:

a)Health Promotion
-direct to pregnant and lactacting women for educaton, supplement etc
-promotion to breast feeding
-improve family diet
-home economic etc

b)Specific protection like child diet must contein protein and energy rich food,milk,fruit etc.

c)Try to early detection and treatment to those child which are suffering from PEM